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Self-built housing systems within seismic regions reveal critical deficiencies in structural performance and safety, as these buildings frequently do not meet construction standards, leading to heightened vulnerability during earthquakes. This study evaluates the structural functionality degradation over time and its impact on seismic resilience. A four-step methodology was implemented, comprising: (1) visual inspection, (2) materials testing, (3) structural analysis, and (4) structural degradation assessment through a weighted valuation method. This was applied to 120 self-built houses in Lima, Peru, focusing on stiffness, strength, and ductility parameters. Structural components were evaluated using non-destructive testing methods, while construction pathologies were identified and categorized. The concrete compressive strength (f′_c) varies from 110–200 kg/cm². Additionally, diaphragm configurations, horizontal and vertical irregularities exhibited moderate performance. Common pathologies, including unreinforced walls and improper masonry brick alignment, were observed in over 65% of the houses analyzed. Consequently, structural degradation ranged from 3 to 38% for time spans between 1–30 years. An elastic analysis assessing the seismic response of representative buildings indicated an inter-story drift of around 1.2%. In conclusion, these findings emphasize the need for structural reinforcement. Improving construction practices, enforcing compliance with seismic standards, and providing technical oversight are essential steps to enhancing the seismic resilience of these. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.